A monkeypox virus infection mimicking primary syphilis

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• The current global outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM).
• Syphilis is a common sexually transmitted infection that can present with genital lesions.

Observation:

• A solitary, painless genital nodule is a potential clinical presentation for both MPXV and syphilis.
• Early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment and public health containment.

Findings:

• MPXV should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with a solitary painless genital nodule, particularly within at-risk populations.
• This clinical presentation highlights the need for broad diagnostic considerations beyond typical syphilis presentations.

Implications:

• Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for MPXV in patients with suggestive genital symptoms.
• Timely diagnosis and management of MPXV are essential to curb transmission and prevent complications.
• Public health strategies should emphasize awareness among healthcare providers regarding MPXV's varied clinical manifestations.