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Supporting proactive planning for climate change adaptation and conservation using an attributed road-river structure

Stephanie R Januchowski-Hartley1, Sayali K Pawar2, Xiao Yang3

  • 1Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.

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|August 25, 2022
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Climate change threatens freshwater species and transport infrastructure. Over 5% of UK road-river structures pose high risks due to flooding, impacting species and roads.

Keywords:
ConnectivityFloodingRiskRiversRoadsTransportationVulnerability

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental science
  • Ecology
  • Civil engineering

Background:

  • Freshwater species and habitats face increasing climate change risks.
  • Road-river structures like culverts and bridges are critical for transportation but vulnerable.
  • Adapting infrastructure is complex due to the numerous and unique nature of these structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and map vulnerable road-river structures in Wales, UK.
  • To assess the risk these structures pose to freshwater species and transportation networks.
  • To prioritize adaptation efforts for climate change mitigation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a spatial dataset of road-river structures (culverts, bridges, fords).
  • Integrated data on gradient, stream order, and Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) to estimate structure sensitivity and exposure.
  • Assessed flooding hazard at vulnerable structures to determine high-risk locations.

Main Results:

  • Over 5% (624/11,680) of structures identified as high vulnerability in areas with high flooding hazard.
  • These high-risk structures threaten both roads and river-obligate species (fishes, mussels) dependent on habitat connectivity.
  • On-ground surveys revealed significant physical degradation, erosion, and scouring in over 50% of surveyed high-risk structures.

Conclusions:

  • A significant number of road-river structures pose a high risk to freshwater ecosystems and transportation infrastructure.
  • The developed methodology effectively identifies high-risk structures, aiding conservation and adaptation planning.
  • Understanding structure vulnerability is crucial for mitigating impacts on biodiversity and human safety from increased flooding.