Monkeypox outbreak: a perspective on Africa's diagnostic and containment capacity

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Monkeypox (MPX) is an endemic viral disease in central and western Africa, with human cases first reported in 1970.
• Recent global outbreaks have raised concerns, highlighting disparities in diagnostic and containment capabilities.
• Africa faces significant challenges, including inadequate laboratory infrastructure, insufficient healthcare workers, and weak surveillance systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the global spread of monkeypox (MPX).
• To identify challenges in Africa's capacity for MPX diagnosis and containment.
• To propose strategies for addressing these challenges.

Main Methods:

• MPX virus infection is confirmed via conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detecting viral DNA in rash samples.
• The study reviews existing literature and reports on MPX outbreaks and diagnostic capabilities.
• Analysis of challenges in Africa's healthcare infrastructure and disease surveillance.

Main Results:

• MPX outbreaks have occurred sporadically since 1970, with the current outbreak affecting multiple global regions.
• Africa's capacity to diagnose and contain MPX is a significant concern.
• Key challenges include limited laboratory infrastructure, a shortage of healthcare workers, weak surveillance, and insufficient community knowledge.

Conclusions:

• Mobilizing resources for MPX virus testing is crucial.
• Strengthening surveillance systems and fostering international collaboration are essential.
• Training healthcare workers, implementing task shifting, and engaging communities are vital strategies for MPX control in Africa.