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Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

From Materials to Devices: Graphene toward Practical Applications.

Yi Yang¹, Yuhong Wei¹, Zhanfeng Guo¹

¹School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

|August 25, 2022

Summary

Graphene

Keywords:

acoustics electrophysiologic detection fabrication methods graphene devices mechanics practical applications

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Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

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Published on: July 24, 2015

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Electronics Engineering

Background:

Graphene, a 2D material discovered in 2004, offers exceptional properties.
It is crucial for advancements in flexible electronics and various devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore graphene's fabrication methods and applications.
To address challenges in graphene industrialization, focusing on cost, quality, and performance.

Main Methods:

Fabrication techniques: mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and redox reactions.
Industrialization strategies: laser scribing, roll-to-roll technology, CVD for high-quality graphene, device structure design, and mechanized machining for homogeneity and stability.

Main Results:

Graphene enables progress in mechanical sensors, microphones, electrophysiological detection, solar cells, and synaptic transistors.
Cost reduction and quality improvement are achieved through advanced fabrication and machining techniques.

Conclusions:

Graphene devices show significant promise for sports monitoring, health detection, voice recognition, and energy applications.
Enhancing versatility and identifying killer applications are key for market competitiveness.