Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

33.8K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
33.8K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

7.8K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
7.8K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

7.1K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
7.1K
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

5.7K
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
5.7K
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

10.7K
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
10.7K
Translation01:31

Translation

15.3K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
15.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of the impact of gamma-aminobutyric acid on diabetic retinopathy in a large US population-based cohort.

American journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Factors Influencing Visual and Refractive Outcomes for Scleral-Sutured Intraocular Lenses.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2026
Same author

Demographic and Prevalence Dynamics of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 From 2015 to 2024.

Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina·2026
Same author

An Endemic Case of West Nile Virus Chorioretinitis in Ohio.

Retinal cases & brief reports·2026
Same author

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: What ophthalmologists need to know.

Survey of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Age-Related Macular Degeneration at a Tertiary Ophthalmology Center.

Ophthalmology. Retina·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
08:45

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2022

2.5K

Oligodendrocyte differentiation alters tRNA modifications and codon optimality-mediated mRNA decay.

Sophie Martin1, Kevin C Allan2, Otis Pinkard2

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.

Nature Communications
|August 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Oligodendrocytes show specific tRNA hypomodification near the anticodon, impacting decoding. This hypersensitive tRNA/mRNA axis may explain leukodystrophy pathologies.

More Related Videos

An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity
07:46

An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity

Published on: October 8, 2018

7.0K
Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae
07:14

Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae

Published on: February 25, 2022

6.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
08:45

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2022

2.5K
An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity
07:46

An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity

Published on: October 8, 2018

7.0K
Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae
07:14

Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae

Published on: February 25, 2022

6.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Oligodendrocytes are crucial for neuronal myelination in the central nervous system.
  • Mutations in tRNA metabolism genes cause leukodystrophies linked to oligodendrocyte deficits and hypomyelination.
  • Oligodendrocytes appear uniquely sensitive to disruptions in tRNA biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the tRNA transcriptome in the oligodendrocyte cell lineage.
  • To identify specific tRNA modifications and their relationship with oligodendrocyte differentiation.
  • To explore the functional consequences of tRNA alterations on mRNA regulation and ribosome function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the tRNA transcriptome in murine oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and differentiated oligodendrocytes.
  • Assessment of tRNA modification status, particularly near the anticodon.
  • Evaluation of codon optimality-mediated mRNA decay and ribosome transit times.

Main Results:

  • Specific tRNAs exhibit hypomodification in oligodendrocytes compared to OPCs, concentrated near the anticodon.
  • Differential expression of tRNA modification enzymes likely contributes to this hypomodified state during differentiation.
  • Oligodendrocytes display altered codon optimality-mediated mRNA decay and ribosome transit, indicating changes in tRNA decoding potential.
  • A hypersensitized tRNA/mRNA axis is identified in oligodendrocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Oligodendrocytes possess a naturally delicate and hypersensitive tRNA/mRNA axis.
  • This axis is potentially a key factor in the pathogenesis of leukodystrophies and white matter diseases.
  • Further insults to tRNA metabolism can exacerbate oligodendrocyte dysfunction, leading to disease.