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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples

Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples

Published on: June 30, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 genome variations and evolution patterns in Egypt: a multi-center study.

Deena Jalal¹, Mariam G Elzayat¹, Hend E El-Shqanqery¹

¹Genomics Program, Department of Basic Research, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt.

Scientific Reports

|August 25, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study tracked the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Egypt, identifying mutations linked to increased COVID-19 severity. Genetic analysis revealed specific viral clades and spike protein variants circulating in the region.

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Last Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples

Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples

Published on: June 30, 2023

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example

Published on: March 11, 2020

In Vitro Selection of Aptamers to Differentiate Infectious from Non-Infectious Viruses

In Vitro Selection of Aptamers to Differentiate Infectious from Non-Infectious Viruses

Published on: September 7, 2022

Area of Science:

Virology
Genomics
Epidemiology

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019.
Tracking viral evolution and variants is crucial for understanding transmission dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the genetic diversity and phylogenetic patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in Egypt.
To identify mutations associated with clinical severity of COVID-19.

Main Methods:

Whole-genome sequencing of 110 SARS-CoV-2 samples collected between May 2020 and January 2021.
Phylogenetic analysis using Nextstrain clades.
Correlation of genetic variants with clinical severity data.

Main Results:

Sequenced samples predominantly belonged to Nextstrain clades 20A and 20D, with clade 20B present early on.
The D614G spike protein variant showed high prevalence.
Four specific mutations (spike H49Y, ORF3a H78Y, ORF8 E64stop, nucleocapsid E378V) were associated with increased disease severity.

Conclusions:

The study provides crucial genetic and phylogenetic data on SARS-CoV-2 spread in Egypt.
Identified mutations offer potential biomarkers for predicting COVID-19 severity.
Findings contribute to understanding the pandemic's evolution in the region.