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Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are some of the important types of chemical bonds. Bond energy and bond length determine the strength of a chemical bond.
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The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
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Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Covalent Fragment Screening Using the Quantitative Irreversible Tethering Assay
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Covalent Fragment Screening Using the Quantitative Irreversible Tethering Assay

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Weak catch bonds make strong networks.

Yuval Mulla1,2, Mario J Avellaneda1,3, Antoine Roland1

  • 1Living Matter Department, AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Nature Materials
|August 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular catch bonds provide strength and adaptability by dissociating on demand, unlike slip bonds. This mechanism is crucial for cellular functions and relevant to diseases involving compromised catch bonding.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Molecular catch bonds strengthen under tension, unlike slip bonds.
  • They are crucial for cellular processes like mechanosensing and leukocyte extravasation.
  • Current understanding suggests catch bonds provide 'strength on demand' for cellular rigidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of catch bonds in the mechanical properties of cytoskeletal actin networks.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which catch bonds contribute to cellular adaptability and strength.
  • To explore the relevance of catch bond function in diseases like focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstitution of cytoskeletal actin networks with catch and slip bonds.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations to analyze bond behavior under tension.
  • Investigating the α-actinin-4 mutant associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Main Results:

  • Catch bonds render actin networks stronger than slip bonds, despite weaker individual bond strength.
  • Simulations reveal catch bonds mitigate crack initiation by moving to high-tension areas ('dissociation on demand').
  • Slip bonds tend to remain trapped in stress-free regions.

Conclusions:

  • Catch bonds enable cells to combine mechanical strength with adaptability for shape change.
  • The 'dissociation on demand' mechanism explains this unique property.
  • Dysfunctional catch bonds are implicated in diseases such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.