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Wildfires alter forest soil microbiomes. Higher burn severity increased heat-resistant bacteria but decreased beneficial fungi, impacting carbon cycling and ecosystem recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Forest ecology
  • Soil microbiology
  • Climate change impacts

Background:

  • Forest soil microbiomes are vital for carbon storage and nutrient cycling.
  • Climate change is increasing wildfire frequency and severity, impacting ecosystems.
  • Wildfires significantly alter soil microbial communities and their functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate wildfire-induced functional shifts in soil microbiota (bacteria, fungi, viruses).
  • To analyze these shifts across different burn severity gradients one year post-fire.
  • To understand the implications for post-fire forest ecosystem recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Characterized soil microbial communities (bacteria, fungi, viruses) across low, moderate, and high burn severity gradients.
  • Analyzed functional gene profiles related to microbial survival and biogeochemical processes.
  • Utilized genome-resolved analyses to link microbial taxonomy to function.

Main Results:

  • Observed severity-dependent increases in Actinobacteria with genes for heat resistance and pyrogenic carbon utilization.
  • Documented loss of ectomycorrhizal fungi and sensitive microbial taxa with increasing burn severity.
  • Confirmed continued viral activity influencing carbon cycling and auxiliary metabolic genes.

Conclusions:

  • Post-fire soil microbial communities exhibit functional shifts related to burn severity.
  • Actinobacteria may play a key role in post-fire forest resilience.
  • Viruses contribute to post-fire biogeochemical processes, highlighting microbiome complexity.