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Post-Mortem Analysis of Neuropathological Changes in Human Tinnitus.

Faris Almasabi1,2,3, Faisal Alosaimi1,2,4, Minerva Corrales-Terrón2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Brain Sciences
|August 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals structural brain changes in tinnitus patients, including reduced cell density in auditory regions and fewer serotonergic cells. These findings suggest neurodegeneration, inflammation, and altered serotonin pathways contribute to tinnitus.

Keywords:
auditory pathwaypost-mortem histologyserotonintinnitus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology
  • Auditory Science

Background:

  • Tinnitus is a phantom sound perception often linked to anxiety and depression.
  • Potential causes include degenerative/inflammatory processes and altered monoaminergic systems.
  • Previous research lacked detailed post-mortem histopathological data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first post-mortem histopathological assessment of brain structural changes in tinnitus patients.
  • To investigate alterations in auditory and non-auditory brain regions.
  • To explore the role of neurodegeneration, inflammation, and serotonergic pathways in tinnitus.

Main Methods:

  • Post-mortem tissue analysis of medial geniculate body (MGB), thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), inferior colliculus (CIC), and raphe nuclei (DRN, ROb).
  • Nissl staining for cell density and size assessment.
  • Immunohistochemistry for astrocytes, microglia, serotonergic (PH8), and dopaminergic (TH) cells.

Main Results:

  • Reduced cell density in the MGB and CIC of tinnitus patients.
  • Decreased astrocyte numbers in the CIC of tinnitus patients.
  • Fewer serotonergic cells (PH8-positive) in the DRN and ROb of tinnitus patients; TH-positive cells remained unchanged.

Conclusions:

  • Neurodegenerative and inflammatory processes in the MGB and CIC contribute to tinnitus neuropathology.
  • Reduced serotonergic cell bodies in the raphe nuclei suggest a role for the serotonergic system in tinnitus.
  • These findings provide critical histopathological insights into the biological underpinnings of tinnitus.