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In Vitro Molecular Study of Titanium-Niobium Alloy Biocompatibility.

Laëtitia Chézeau1, Alex Tchinda1, Gaël Pierson1

  • 1Institut Jean Lamour, University of Lorraine, UMR CNRS 7198, 54011 Nancy, France.

Biomedicines
|August 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Smooth titanium-niobium alloy (S_TiNb) showed potential toxicity to immune cells in vitro, unlike pure titanium (S_TiCp). Niobium itself did not appear to affect immune cells, suggesting manufacturing processes may influence S_TiNb biocompatibility for dental implants.

Keywords:
biocompatible materialscytotoxicitydental implantimmunotoxicitymonocyteniobiumosteoblastpotassium niobatetitaniumtranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Implantology
  • Immunotoxicology

Background:

  • Titanium dental implants are widely used due to biocompatibility.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential toxic ion/nanoparticle release from titanium alloys.
  • Need for rigorous testing of novel biomaterials for medical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of smooth titanium-niobium alloy (S_TiNb) compared to smooth commercially pure titanium (S_TiCp).
  • To assess the potential immunotoxicity of niobium-containing materials on human monocyte cell lines.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro testing using human osteoblast-like SaOs-2 and monocyte THP-1 cell lines.
  • Scanning electron microscopy for cell adhesion and morphology.
  • WST-1 assay for cell viability and metabolic activity.
  • Transcriptomic profiling of THP-1 monocytes exposed to potassium niobate (KNbO3).

Main Results:

  • Both S_TiCp and S_TiNb supported SaOs-2 cell proliferation and viability.
  • S_TiNb significantly decreased THP-1 cell viability and metabolic activity compared to controls.
  • Potassium niobate (KNbO3) did not alter THP-1 metabolic activity or transcriptomics, indicating niobium itself is not immunotoxic.

Conclusions:

  • The observed toxicity of S_TiNb towards THP-1 cells may stem from the alloy's manufacturing process, not niobium itself.
  • Further research is needed to optimize titanium-niobium alloy production for enhanced biocompatibility in medical applications.
  • Careful material selection and testing are crucial for safe and effective dental implants.