Ovine Neosporosis: The Current Global Situation

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Parasitology
• Ovine Infectious Diseases
• Food Animal Health

Background:

• Neospora caninum is a significant protozoan parasite affecting sheep globally.
• Its role as an abortifacient agent in ovine populations is increasingly recognized.
• Ovine neosporosis has been reported in at least 31 countries across all major sheep-rearing continents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize the current global situation of Neospora caninum infection in sheep.
• To assess the epidemiological trends and significance of ovine neosporosis.
• To highlight the impact of Neospora caninum on sheep flock sustainability.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of published studies on natural ovine neosporosis.
• Analysis of epidemiological data, including seroprevalence rates.
• Evaluation of diagnostic methodologies and their limitations.

Main Results:

• Ovine neosporosis is globally distributed, with seroprevalence rates varying widely (0.0% to 67.4%).
• Most studies focus on serological epidemiology, with limited investigation into parasite presence (PCR/IHC).
• Inconsistencies in study designs and diagnostic methods hinder direct comparison of prevalence data.

Conclusions:

• Ovine neosporosis is a worldwide issue posing a relevant risk to sheep flock sustainability.
• Further research is needed to standardize diagnostic approaches and clarify the parasite's role in abortions.
• A clearer understanding of Neospora caninum's impact is crucial for effective disease management in sheep.