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Related Concept Videos

Peptidoglycan Synthesis01:28

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

240
Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan...
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Updated: Aug 31, 2025

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity
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Short Tryptamine-Based Peptoids as Potential Therapeutics for Microbial Keratitis: Structure-Function Correlation

Ghayah Bahatheg1,2, Rajesh Kuppusamy1,3, Muhammad Yasir3

  • 1School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New peptoids show potent antimicrobial activity against multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, offering a promising alternative for treating bacterial keratitis. These compounds demonstrate effectiveness against resistant strains and exhibit low toxicity.

Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureusantimicrobial peptideantimicrobial resistancebacterial keratitismembrane disruptionpeptidomimeticspeptoids

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Antimicrobial Drug Discovery
  • Ocular Microbiology

Background:

  • Peptoids are peptidomimetics with enhanced stability and bioavailability, making them attractive antimicrobial candidates.
  • Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bacterial keratitis, often exhibiting multi-drug resistance, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Existing antibiotics like ciprofloxacin face challenges due to increasing bacterial resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate short cationic peptoids for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from keratitis.
  • To compare the efficacy of novel peptoids with ciprofloxacin, a standard treatment for bacterial keratitis.
  • To investigate the mechanism of action and toxicity profile of the most potent peptoid compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of five series of peptoids (primary amines, mono-guanidines, tertiary amine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, di-guanidines) via acid amine-coupling.
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (MIC determination) against Staphylococcus aureus strains, including ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates.
  • Assessment of cytoplasmic membrane permeability and hemolysis assays to evaluate antibacterial mechanism and cytotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • All synthesized peptoids demonstrated activity against Staphylococcus aureus S.aureus 38.
  • Compounds 20a and 22 exhibited potent activity against S.aureus 38 (MIC = 3.9 and 5.5 μg/mL) and were effective against 12 clinical keratitis isolates (MIC = 3.2 and 2.1 μg/mL, respectively).
  • The most potent compounds showed activity against ciprofloxacin-resistant strains and were non-toxic to horse red blood cells at concentrations up to 50 μg/mL, suggesting membrane disruption as a potential mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Short cationic peptoids are effective antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus, including multi-drug resistant strains relevant to bacterial keratitis.
  • Compounds 20a and 22 represent promising lead candidates for developing new treatments for bacterial keratitis.
  • The observed non-toxicity and potential membrane-disrupting mechanism warrant further investigation for therapeutic applications.