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Chronic Olfactory Dysfunction in Children with Long COVID: A Retrospective Study.

Danilo Buonsenso1,2, Laura Martino1, Rosa Morello1

  • 1Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy.

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A small percentage of children experience chronic anosmia (loss of smell) after COVID-19 infection. This persistent smell dysfunction impacts children

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is a known long-term consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults.
  • The impact of chronic anosmia on children post-COVID-19 and their families remains less understood.
  • Persistent smell disorders can affect a child's quality of life and wellbeing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of chronic anosmia in children following COVID-19 infection.
  • To investigate the impact of smell dysfunction on children's daily lives and family wellbeing.
  • To highlight the need for further research into the mechanisms and treatments for post-COVID-19 olfactory impairment in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of children under 18 diagnosed with COVID-19 via RT-PCR.
  • Assessment in a pediatric post-COVID outpatient clinic at least 28 days post-infection.
  • Questionnaire-based data collection on symptoms and daily life impact for patients with persistent smell disorders.

Main Results:

  • Out of 784 children evaluated, 13 (1.7%) exhibited olfactory impairment.
  • Follow-up occurred at a mean of over three months after the acute infection.
  • Parents expressed significant concern regarding recovery timelines and potential long-term consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic anosmia affects a small but notable percentage of children post-COVID-19.
  • Smell disorders significantly disrupt children's eating habits and daily activities.
  • Further research is crucial to understand underlying mechanisms and develop effective treatments for pediatric olfactory dysfunction.