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Entropy02:39

Entropy

30.8K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics01:14

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

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In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Scientists refer to the measure of randomness or disorder within a system as entropy. High entropy means high disorder and low energy. To better understand entropy, think of a student’s bedroom. If no energy or work were put into it, the room would quickly become messy. It would exist in a very disordered state, one of high entropy. Energy must be...
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Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

Second Law of Thermodynamics

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In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic...
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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

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In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
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Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

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A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Dissipative, Entropy Production Systems across Condensed Matter and Interdisciplinary Classical vs. Quantum Physics.

Adam Gadomski1

  • 1Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Group of Modeling of Physicochemical Processes, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland.

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Summary

This Special Issue presents ten papers on condensed matter physics and interdisciplinary research. Topics span diverse areas, showcasing advancements in classical and quantum phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Interdisciplinary Science

Background:

  • This Special Issue compiles ten research papers.
  • The collection covers diverse topics within condensed matter and interdisciplinary physics.

Discussion:

  • The papers explore a variety of classical and quantum phenomena.
  • Interdisciplinary approaches are highlighted, bridging different scientific fields.

Key Insights:

  • Advancements in understanding complex systems are presented.
  • Novel theoretical and experimental findings are discussed.

Outlook:

  • Future research directions in condensed matter physics are suggested.
  • The potential for interdisciplinary collaborations is emphasized.