Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 30, 2025
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
Published on: May 16, 2025
Improving the Treatment Outcome of Naso-Orbito-Ethmoido-Maxillary Fractures Using Virtual Three-Dimensional
Andrei-Mihail Roșu1,2, Daniela Șulea1,3, Geanina Bandol1,4
1Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700115 Iași, Romania.
Background:
Naso-orbito-ethmoido-maxillary (NOEM) fractures are usually the result of a high or moderate intensity impact to the upper midface. These types of fractures are difficult to treat and are frequently misdiagnosed. Craniometric analysis can be of real aid in the treatment of NOEM complex fractures by establishing midfacial proportions.
Aim:
This study aims to establish the distances between selected anthropometric points and midfacial proportions found in the adult Caucasian population and to determine if any differences exist between genders.
Methodology:
Measurements between anthropometric points, nasion (N), dacryon (D), infraorbital foramen (IOF), frontomalare orbitale (FMO), rhinion (Rhi) and porion (Po), were made on 3D models obtained using patients' CT exams.
Results:
Significant differences were found between genders for the orbital dimensions represented by N-FMO (p = 0.000), N-IOF (p = 0.000), Rhi-FMO (p = 0.000), Rhi-IOF (p = 0.000), nose bridge width N-D (p = 0.001), Rhi-D (p = 0.016), D-D (p = 0.038) and the projection of the nose evaluated by Rhi-Po (p = 0.000), N-Po (p = 0.000), while a t-test showed that there are no significant differences between males and females for the N-Rhi (p = 0.254).
Conclusions:
The values of these measurements can be utilized during skeletal reconstruction after NOEM fractures, especially for bilateral comminuted fractures where no points of comparison are available.
