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Updated: Aug 30, 2025
Author Spotlight: Metallic Nanocomposites to Eliminate Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Published on: October 4, 2024
Graphene Oxide (GO): A Promising Nanomaterial against Infectious Diseases Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
1Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
Abstract:
Infectious diseases are major threat due to it being the main cause of enormous morbidity and mortality in the world. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria put an additional burden of infection leading to inferior treatment by the antibiotics of the latest generations. The emergence and spread of MDR bacteria (so-called "superbugs"), due to mutations in the bacteria and overuse of antibiotics, should be considered a serious concern. Recently, the rapid advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology has produced several antimicrobial nanoparticles. It has been suggested that nanoparticles rely on very different mechanisms of antibacterial activity when compared to antibiotics. Graphene-based nanomaterials are fast emerging as "two-dimensional wonder materials" due to their unique structure and excellent mechanical, optical and electrical properties and have been exploited in electronics and other fields. Emerging trends show that their exceptional properties can be exploited for biomedical applications, especially in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Moreover, graphene derivatives were found to have in vitro antibacterial properties. In the recent years, there have been many studies demonstrating the antibacterial effects of GO on various types of bacteria. In this review article, we will be focusing on the aforementioned studies, focusing on the mechanisms, difference between the studies, limitations and future directions.
Insights
Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles show promising antibacterial effects against multidrug-resistant bacteria, offering alternative mechanisms to traditional antibiotics. This review explores GO
Area of Science:
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Biomedical Applications
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Infectious diseases cause significant global morbidity and mortality.
- Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, or 'superbugs', pose a growing threat due to antibiotic overuse and mutations.
- Conventional antibiotics are becoming less effective against MDR bacteria.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent studies on the antibacterial properties of graphene oxide (GO).
- To explore the mechanisms of GO's antibacterial activity.
- To discuss differences between studies, limitations, and future research directions.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing scientific literature on graphene oxide and its antibacterial effects.
- Analysis of studies demonstrating in vitro antibacterial properties of GO.
- Focus on mechanisms, comparative studies, and limitations.
Main Results:
- Graphene-based nanomaterials, particularly graphene oxide (GO), exhibit significant in vitro antibacterial properties.
- GO nanoparticles utilize different antibacterial mechanisms compared to conventional antibiotics.
- Emerging research highlights GO's potential in biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Conclusions:
- Graphene oxide shows considerable promise as an antimicrobial agent against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
- Further research is needed to fully understand GO's mechanisms, optimize its application, and address limitations.
- Nanotechnology offers novel strategies to combat the challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
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