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Updated: Aug 30, 2025
Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
Published on: April 22, 2019
Mouse Models for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapeutic Research in Oral Cancer
Wei-Chiao Chiu1,2, Da-Liang Ou3,4, Ching-Ting Tan2,5,6,7
1Department of Medical Research, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan.
Abstract:
The most prevalent oral cancer globally is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The invasion of adjacent bones and the metastasis to regional lymph nodes often lead to poor prognoses and shortened survival times in patients with OSCC. Encouraging immunotherapeutic responses have been seen with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); however, these positive responses to monotherapy have been limited to a small subset of patients. Therefore, it is urgent that further investigations into optimizing immunotherapies are conducted. Areas of research include identifying novel immune checkpoints and targets and tailoring treatment programs to meet the needs of individual patients. Furthermore, the advancement of combination therapies against OSCC is also critical. Thus, additional studies are needed to ensure clinical trials are successful. Mice models are advantageous in immunotherapy research with several advantages, such as relatively low costs and high tumor growth success rate. This review paper divided methods for establishing OSCC mouse models into four categories: syngeneic tumor models, chemical carcinogen induction, genetically engineered mouse, and humanized mouse. Each method has advantages and disadvantages that influence its application in OSCC research. This review comprehensively surveys the literature and summarizes the current mouse models used in immunotherapy, their advantages and disadvantages, and details relating to the cell lines for oral cancer growth. This review aims to present evidence and considerations for choosing a suitable model establishment method to investigate the early diagnosis, clinical treatment, and related pathogenesis of OSCC.
Insights
This review explores mouse models for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) immunotherapy research. It details four model types, aiding selection for studying OSCC diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Translational Research
Background:
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent global cancer with poor prognosis due to bone invasion and metastasis.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show promise in OSCC immunotherapy but benefit only a subset of patients, necessitating further research.
- Optimizing immunotherapies through novel targets, personalized treatments, and combination therapies is critical for improving OSCC patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review and categorize current mouse models used in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) immunotherapy research.
- To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different OSCC mouse model establishment methods.
- To provide evidence-based considerations for selecting appropriate models for investigating OSCC pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and clinical treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature survey and synthesis of existing research on OSCC mouse models.
- Categorization of OSCC mouse models into four main types: syngeneic tumor models, chemical carcinogen induction, genetically engineered mice, and humanized mice.
- Analysis of cell lines used for oral cancer growth within these models.
Main Results:
- Identified four primary categories of OSCC mouse models: syngeneic, chemically induced, genetically engineered, and humanized.
- Detailed the specific advantages and limitations of each model type for immunotherapy research.
- Summarized relevant cell line information for oral cancer growth in experimental models.
Conclusions:
- The choice of OSCC mouse model significantly impacts the success of immunotherapy research.
- Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each model type is crucial for effective investigation of OSCC pathogenesis and treatment.
- Further research and careful model selection are needed to advance OSCC clinical trials and improve patient survival.
