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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes more closely related to animals than other eukaryotes. Fungal cell walls comprise chitin, a polysaccharide that provides structural strength, and glucans, which contribute to flexibility and integrity. Other polysaccharides, such as mannans and galactosans, may supplement or replace chitin in some fungi. These adaptations, along with their preference for acidic environments and tolerance for high osmotic pressure, enable fungi to thrive in various...
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Blastomycosis-Some Progress but Still Much to Learn.

Matthew F Pullen1, Jonathan D Alpern2,3, Nathan C Bahr4

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Blastomycosis, a fungal infection, is spreading geographically and presents diverse symptoms, often affecting the lungs, skin, and bones. Current treatments like itraconazole and amphotericin are standard, but more research is needed.

Keywords:
BlastomycesBlastomyces dermatitidisblastomycosisdiseasesfungusmycosis

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Blastomycosis is an endemic mycosis caused by *Blastomyces* spp., prevalent in specific regions like the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys.
  • Limited reporting hinders a complete understanding of its geographic distribution and true incidence.
  • Approximately 50% of infected individuals remain asymptomatic, complicating disease surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of blastomycosis.
  • To cover epidemiology, clinical presentations, and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • To identify areas requiring further research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on blastomycosis.
  • Analysis of epidemiological trends and geographic distribution.
  • Review of current diagnostic and treatment guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Blastomycosis commonly affects the lungs, skin, bones, genitourinary system, and central nervous system.
  • Itraconazole is the primary treatment for mild-to-moderate cases; amphotericin B is used for severe infections.
  • Increasing incidence and geographic spread are noted, alongside significant knowledge gaps.

Conclusions:

  • Blastomycosis remains a significant public health concern with evolving epidemiology.
  • Further research is crucial to address knowledge gaps in diagnosis and treatment.
  • Comprehensive understanding is needed to manage the expanding reach of this fungal infection.