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Unveiling the Occupational Exposure to Microbial Contamination in Conservation-Restoration Settings.

Carla Viegas1,2,3, Renata Cervantes1, Marta Dias1,2,3

  • 1H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politgy Research Center, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal.

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This study assessed microbial contamination in art conservation settings, finding low overall contamination but highlighting concerns regarding Aspergillus species. Further research is needed to understand micro-atmospheres and professional exposure in these unique environments.

Keywords:
Aspergillusazole resistancecytotoxicitymycotoxinsoccupational exposure assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Occupational health
  • Cultural heritage preservation

Background:

  • Sustainable Development Goals emphasize safe work environments, aligning with the One Health approach.
  • Art conservators/restorers face reported health issues, yet their work environment is often overlooked.
  • This study investigates microbial contamination in specialized conservation settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate bacterial and fungal contamination in textile, painting, and wood sculpture conservation areas.
  • To assess mycotoxins, azole-resistant strains, and cytotoxicity of encountered microorganisms.
  • To inform occupational health strategies for conservators.

Main Methods:

  • Electrostatic dust cloths were used for sample collection in three conservation specialties.
  • Samples were analyzed for bacterial and fungal contamination.
  • Mycotoxin determination, azole-resistance screening, and cytotoxicity assays were performed.

Main Results:

  • Low bacterial presence was detected in one medium.
  • Fungal contamination was highest and most variable in a textile conservation setting.
  • Aspergillus species (sections Fumigati and Circumdati) were prevalent; no mycotoxins were detected, and most fungi were non-cytotoxic.

Conclusions:

  • Conservation environments show generally low contamination levels.
  • Aspergillus species contamination warrants attention and further investigation.
  • Additional studies are needed to validate findings and explore micro-atmosphere exposure for professionals.