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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

23.7K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

6.1K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.1K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

50.9K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
50.9K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

16.0K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
16.0K
Carrier Generation and Recombination01:22

Carrier Generation and Recombination

760
Carrier generation is the process by which electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are created within the semiconductor. In direct-bandgap semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), this occurs efficiently when energy absorption prompts valence electrons to leap into the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
This process is given by the generation rate G and is efficient due to the conservation of momentum between the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum.
Indirect generation involves an...
760

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection
09:25

Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection

Published on: May 24, 2020

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Poxvirus Recombination.

David Hugh Evans1

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J7, Canada.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Poxvirus recombination, a key tool in genetic engineering, is deeply linked to DNA replication and repair. Understanding these processes offers insights into viral genome evolution and replication mechanisms.

Keywords:
DNA polymeraseDNA replicationE9Lgenetic recombinationmarker rescuepoxvirusstrand transfervaccinia virus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genetic recombination is a fundamental tool for modifying poxvirus genomes.
  • The history of poxvirus recombination research spans from the 1930s to modern genetic engineering.
  • Recombination is crucial for understanding viral evolution and developing new research tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development of genetic recombination tools in poxviruses.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms linking poxvirus recombination with DNA replication and repair.
  • To highlight the role of specific viral enzymes and proteins in these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Historical literature review of poxvirus recombination studies.
  • Analysis of transfection studies to understand recombination mechanisms.
  • Examination of the roles of vaccinia virus E9 DNA polymerase, I3 protein, and exonucleases.

Main Results:

  • Recombination has been used to create genetic maps and genetically engineered poxviruses.
  • Poxvirus recombination is a high-frequency process linked to hybrid DNA formation and replication.
  • Specific viral enzymes, including DNA polymerase E9 and protein I3, are key catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • Poxvirus recombination is inextricably linked to DNA replication and repair processes.
  • Further research into these reactions may reveal new aspects of poxvirus DNA replication.
  • Understanding recombination mechanisms is vital for both fundamental research and applied poxvirus technology.