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Measurements of Strain

Measurements of Strain

Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Production of a Strain-Measuring Device with an Improved 3D Printer

Production of a Strain-Measuring Device with an Improved 3D Printer

Published on: January 30, 2020

Rotation Grids for Improved Electrical Properties of Inkjet-Printed Strain Gauges.

Matthias Rehberger¹, Jonas Mertin¹, Christian Vedder¹

¹Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, 52074 Aachen, Germany.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 26, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel image processing method for inkjet printing (IJP) to enhance the electrical performance of metallic strain gauges (SGs). Diagonal rotation grids significantly reduce electrical detuning in printed SGs.

Keywords:

PEN substrate additive manufacturing inkjet printing nanoparticles printed electronics printed sensors rotation algorithm silver ink strain gauges

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Last Updated: Aug 30, 2025

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Published on: January 30, 2020

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrical Engineering
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Inkjet printing (IJP) of metallic strain gauges (SGs) faces challenges in achieving optimal electrical properties due to printing direction effects.
Existing methods lack efficient algorithms for loss-free rotation of IJP image data, hindering quality improvements.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an image data-driven approach to improve the electrical properties of inkjet-printed metallic strain gauges.
To introduce novel grid types and loss-free rotation algorithms for IJP image data processing.

Main Methods:

A new grid system, including a 45° tilted grid, was developed for loss-free rotation of image data.
The algorithm enables image data rotation without interpolation or information loss by transferring pixel grid centers to a rotated grid.
The method was applied to measurement gratings in a full bridge configuration with perpendicular orientations.

Main Results:

The developed diagonal rotation grids allow for lossless rotation of IJP image data.
Application to full-bridge strain gauges demonstrated a significant improvement in manufacturing quality.
Electrical detuning of full bridges was reduced by one order of magnitude compared to current state-of-the-art printing.

Conclusions:

The novel image processing technique using diagonal rotation grids effectively compensates for quality-reducing effects in inkjet printing.
This approach offers a substantial improvement in the electrical performance of metallic strain gauges.
The findings pave the way for higher-quality printed electronics through advanced image data manipulation.