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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
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Inhalable Vaccines: Can They Help Control Pandemics?

Vivek P Chavda1, Lalitkumar K Vora2, Vasso Apostolopoulos3,4

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India.

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New severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants challenge COVID-19 control. Pulmonary/inhalable vaccines offer a promising strategy for essential respiratory tract immunity to interrupt viral spread.

Keywords:
COVID-19IgASARS-CoV-2inhalable vaccineintranasal vaccinemucosal immunitypulmonary vaccinevaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 poses a significant public health risk.
  • Continuous viral evolution through mutation and recombination generates new variants.
  • These variants present challenges to current COVID-19 management and vaccine effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenge of evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.
  • To propose a strategy for interrupting viral spread.
  • To highlight the importance of local respiratory tract immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Advocating for the development and use of pulmonary/inhalable vaccines.
  • Focusing on strategies to achieve local immunity within the respiratory tract.

Main Results:

  • Emerging variants exhibit increased transmissibility.
  • Existing strategies may be less effective against new variants.
  • Pulmonary vaccination is proposed as a method to enhance local immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary/inhalable vaccines are essential for achieving local respiratory tract immunity.
  • This approach can help interrupt the spread of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants.
  • Inhalable vaccines represent a promising strategy for future pandemic preparedness.