Bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogens causing urinary tract infection in the
Kanika Bhargava1,2, Gopal Nath2, Amit Bhargava3
1Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
Abstract:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infectious disease that affects men and women. It is a significant health concern due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. Therefore, it is necessary to have a current understanding of the antibiotic susceptibility (AS) pattern of uropathogens to manage UTI effectively. Since the bacterial pathogen causing UTI and its AS vary with time and place, the prevailing AS pattern of the causative agents are essential for empirical antibiotic therapy. This study aims to determine the prevalence and AS of uropathogens isolated from UTI patients in the eastern part of Northern India. The study was carried out between November 2018 and December 2019. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected and processed using standard guidelines for microbiological procedures. Positive microbiological cultures were found in 333 of the 427 patients, where 287 were gram-negative bacteria (GNB), and 46 were gram-positive bacteria (GPB). Females had a higher prevalence of UTI (60.7%) than males (39.3%) (p = 0.00024). The most susceptible age group in females was 18-50 years as compared to males, whereas at the age of 51-80 years and >80 years males were more susceptible than females (p = 0.053). The most prevalent pathogen identified were Escherichia coli (55.0%), followed by Proteus sp. (6.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.3%), of which 96.0% were MDR bacteria. The susceptibility pattern of our study also revealed that amikacin, gentamycin and imipenem were the most effective drugs against GNB. In contrast, nitrofurantoin, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol were the most effective drugs against GPB. According tothe findings, MDR pathogens are very much prevalent. Since UTI is one of the most frequent bacterial diseases, proper management necessitates extensive investigation and implementation of antibiotic policy based on AS patterns for a particular region.
Insights
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria posing a significant threat. This study in North India found high MDR prevalence, highlighting the need for regional antibiotic susceptibility data to guide effective UTI treatment.
Area of Science:
- Clinical Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Antimicrobial Resistance
Background:
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a prevalent global health issue, frequently caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms.
- Understanding the current antibiotic susceptibility (AS) patterns of uropathogens is crucial for effective UTI management and empirical antibiotic therapy.
- Regional variations in pathogen prevalence and AS necessitate localized surveillance to inform clinical practice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility (AS) patterns of uropathogens causing UTIs in Northern India.
- To identify common uropathogens and assess the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in the region.
- To provide data supporting the development of regional antibiotic policies for UTI treatment.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study involving the collection and microbiological processing of clean catch midstream urine samples from 427 UTI patients.
- Samples were analyzed between November 2018 and December 2019 using standard microbiological procedures.
- Identification of bacterial pathogens and determination of their antibiotic susceptibility profiles.
Main Results:
- A total of 333 positive cultures were obtained, with Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) comprising 287 isolates and Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) 46 isolates.
- The most common uropathogen was *Escherichia coli* (55.0%), followed by *Proteus* sp. (6.9%), *Klebsiella pneumoniae* (6.6%), and *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* (6.3%).
- A high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria (96.0%) was observed. Amikacin, gentamycin, and imipenem were effective against GNB, while nitrofurantoin, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol were effective against GPB.
Conclusions:
- Multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogens are highly prevalent in Northern India, posing a significant challenge for UTI treatment.
- Antibiotic susceptibility patterns vary, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring and regional data to guide empirical therapy.
- Implementation of region-specific antibiotic policies based on current AS data is essential for optimizing UTI management and combating antimicrobial resistance.
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