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COVID-19-Induced Myopericarditis Leading to Cardiac Tamponade: An Unusual Case Presentation

Niel Shah1, Mohamed Saleh2, Abhilasha Jyala3

  • 1Internal Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.

Cureus
|August 26, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause cardiac issues like myopericarditis, even with mild respiratory symptoms. This case highlights severe cardiac complications, including cardiac tamponade, in a COVID-19 patient.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents with diverse clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic infection to severe respiratory distress.
  • Cardiac involvement is a recognized complication of COVID-19, occurring independently of respiratory symptoms.
  • Common cardiac manifestations include heart failure, myopericarditis, and arrhythmias, with troponin elevation linked to increased mortality.

Observation:

  • COVID-19 can induce pericardial inflammation through direct viral effects or immune responses, though mechanisms remain under investigation.
  • This case involves a patient with COVID-19 who developed myopericarditis.
  • The myopericarditis was complicated by pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade.

Findings:

  • The patient presented with minimal pulmonary involvement, underscoring that cardiac complications can be primary or dominant features of COVID-19.
  • Myopericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade were observed in this COVID-19 case.
  • Distinguishing COVID-19-related cardiac injury from heart failure can be clinically challenging.

Implications:

  • This case emphasizes the critical need for cardiac monitoring in COVID-19 patients, even those with limited respiratory symptoms.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of COVID-19-induced cardiac inflammation is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • Early recognition and management of cardiac complications like tamponade are vital for improving outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

Keywords:
cardiac tamponadecoronavirus pandemiccovid 19myopericarditispericardial effusionviral pericarditis

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