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Related Concept Videos

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology01:59

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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits
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From Evolution to Revolution: Accelerating Crop Domestication through Genome Editing.

Kishor Kumar1, Swarupa Nanda Mandal2,3, Bhubaneswar Pradhan1

  • 1Faculty Centre for Integrated Rural Development and Management, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata 700103, India.

Plant & Cell Physiology
|August 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Modern crop cultivars face limited genetic diversity, impacting yield and stress resistance. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) offer valuable traits, and genome editing can accelerate neodomestication by modifying CWRs for improved agriculture.

Keywords:
Cis-regulatory elementsCRISPR/Cas9Crop wild relativesDe novo domesticationDomestication syndromemicroRNA (miRNA)transposon

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and breeding
  • Agricultural science
  • Genomics and bioinformatics

Background:

  • Crop domestication, driven by human selection of natural variation, has shaped civilization.
  • Modern cultivars suffer from limited genetic diversity, leading to reduced yield and increased susceptibility to stresses.
  • Crop wild relatives (CWRs) represent a valuable genetic resource for improving cultivated crops.

Approach:

  • Reviewing current knowledge on the genetics of crop domestication traits.
  • Investigating the role of genome-editing tools, such as CRISPR/Cas9, for targeted modification of domestication genes.
  • Exploring the influence of microRNAs, transposable elements, cis-regulatory elements, and epigenetic changes in crop evolution.

Key Points:

  • Genome editing can create allelic series for domestication traits, accelerating neodomestication.
  • Modifying key domestication genes is essential but insufficient; other genetic factors also play significant roles.
  • Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are a vital resource for introducing beneficial traits into cultivated crops.

Conclusions:

  • Harnessing CWRs through advanced techniques like genome editing is crucial for sustainable crop improvement.
  • Understanding complex genetic interactions (miRNAs, epigenetics, etc.) is vital for successful neodomestication.
  • CRISPR/Cas9 technology offers a powerful tool for accelerating the development of novel, resilient crop varieties.