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Correlation of cephalometric variables with obstructive sleep apnea severity among children: a hierarchical

Qiuping Xu1, Xiaoya Wang1, Panpan Liu1

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, SD, China.

Cranio : the Journal of Craniomandibular Practice
|August 26, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Cephalometric parameters like oropharynx diameter and hyoid position significantly predict obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity in children. These findings aid in understanding OSA in pediatric patients, independent of BMI and adenoid size.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Craniofacial Anatomy
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition in children.
  • Cephalometric analysis is used to evaluate craniofacial structures influencing airway patency.
  • The relationship between specific cephalometric parameters and OSA severity in children requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between various cephalometric parameters and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in children diagnosed with OSA.
  • To determine if these cephalometric parameters predict OSA severity independently of gender, body mass index (BMI), and adenoid size.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 64 children (mean age 8.7 years) with diagnosed OSA.
  • Data collection included home polysomnography, Obstructive Sleep Apnea-18 questionnaire, and lateral cephalograms.
  • Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to assess associations.

Main Results:

  • Cephalometric parameters, excluding adenoid size, explained 18.1% of the variance in AHI.
  • Positive associations were found between AHI and H-RGn and the N-Go-Me angle (p<0.05).
  • A negative association was observed between AHI and NP (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

  • The sagittal diameter of the oropharynx, lower gonial angle, and hyoid position are significant predictors of AHI in children with OSA.
  • These craniofacial measurements offer valuable insights into OSA pathophysiology in pediatric populations.
  • The identified cephalometric predictors are independent of demographic factors and adenoid size.
Abstract

Keywords:
Sleep apnea syndromeapnea-hypopnea indexcephalometricchildrenhierarchical regression analysis

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