Craniosynostosis: an analysis of the timing, treatment, and complications in 164 consecutive patients

Treatment options for the craniosynostoses vary from conservative observation until completion of growth to radical remodeling in infancy. To further define the timing and type of treatment necessary in these complex disorders, we have retrospectively analyzed all patients operated on for this deformity during the past 12 years. One-hundred and sixty-four patients with craniosynostosis were analyzed and subgrouped into asymmetrical (predominantly unilateral) and symmetrical (bilateral) deformities, in addition to segregation by age and type of procedure performed. This was done recognizing that no deformity, like no normal human face, is truly symmetrical. Results of treatment were categorized on the basis of the need for additional surgery and varied from no refinements necessary (category I) to major reduplication of the initial procedure (category IV). Analysis of the data led us to conclude that excellent results can be expected in the asymmetrical deformities group treated in infancy by a unilateral approach. Similarly, for the mild symmetrical deformities, treatment at this time by bilateral orbital advancement gives satisfactory results in the majority of patients. By contrast, the more severe symmetrical groups treated in childhood have a high incidence of requiring secondary major reconstructions, and consideration should be given to delaying craniofacial surgery until age 7 or older, although earlier cranial surgery may be advisable.