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Updated: Aug 30, 2025

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Geological processes mediate a microbial dispersal loop in the deep biosphere.

Daniel A Gittins1, Pierre-Arnaud Desiage2, Natasha Morrison3

  • 1Geomicrobiology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.

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Microbial endospores from deep petroleum systems disperse via seafloor seeps, colonizing new environments. This dispersal loop connects the deep biosphere, circulating life between subsurface and geosphere.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Geochemistry
  • Deep Biosphere Ecology

Background:

  • The deep biosphere represents Earth's largest microbial habitat, characterized by abundant bacterial endospores.
  • While dormancy and survival are key subsurface microbial traits, dispersal and selection processes are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biogeography and dispersal mechanisms of bacteria in the deep-sea environment.
  • To understand the role of hydrocarbon seeps in facilitating microbial migration and the ecological significance of endospores.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized acoustic imagery and geochemistry to identify hydrocarbon seep locations.
  • Analyzed thermophilic endospores found in cold seabed sediments.
  • Performed genomic analysis of endospore populations.

Main Results:

  • Thermophilic endospores in cold deep-sea sediments correlated with underlying hydrocarbon seep conduits.
  • Identified geofluid-facilitated migration pathways originating from deep petroleum sediments.
  • Endospore genomes revealed adaptations to anoxic petroleum systems, similar to global oil reservoir microbiomes.
  • Demonstrated viable thermophilic endospores reentering the geosphere via sediment burial, germinating, and undergoing selection.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrocarbon seeps act as conduits for microbial dispersal from deep petroleum systems to the seafloor.
  • A microbial dispersal loop exists, circulating biomass between the deep biosphere and the geosphere.
  • Endospore genomes provide insights into microbial life in anoxic petroleum environments and global oil reservoirs.