Slab remnants beneath the Myanmar terrane evidencing double subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean

Closure of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean is one of the most significant tectonic events of the Cenozoic, forming the longest continental collision belt on Earth and influencing global climate and biodiversity. However, whether late Mesozoic subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean occurred along one single or a double subduction system remains controversial. Here, upper mantle imaging from seismic tomography and waveform modeling in the Myanmar region reveals two prominent, parallel, slab-like structures with high seismic velocities that trend to the north-south and dip to the east. The western high-velocity zone has been observed previously and represents the modern subducting slab. The eastern zone has not been previously reported and exhibits high-velocity anomalies of 1.0 to 2.5% to a depth of ~300 km. This zone likely represents a remnant of another Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab that subducted ~40 million years ago. Double subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean during the late Mesozoic to early Cenozoic requires reevaluation of previous tectonic models.