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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

365
Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
365
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

122
Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
122
Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

133
Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
133
Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

806
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
Patient...
806
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

486
The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
486

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia
05:07

Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia

Published on: July 21, 2023

693

Vanishing enteric duplication cyst presenting with melaena.

Joshua J Cave1, Ahsan Chaudhary2, Alexia Tsigka1

  • 1Department of Paediatric Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|August 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A toddler with melaena had a vanishing small bowel duplication cyst, leading to emergency presentation. This case highlights challenges in managing infantile cystic abdominal structures and risks of expectant management.

Keywords:
Congenital disordersGastrointestinal surgeryPaediatric Surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Gastroenterology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Enteric duplication cysts are congenital anomalies that can present with various symptoms, including gastrointestinal bleeding.
  • Neonatal diagnosis of cystic abdominal structures can be challenging due to variability in imaging findings.
  • Expectant management of suspected duplication cysts requires careful consideration of potential risks.

Observation:

  • A toddler presented with melaena, a symptom of gastrointestinal bleeding.
  • A suspected small bowel duplication cyst, initially diagnosed neonatally, was not visualized on follow-up ultrasounds.
  • The patient was managed expectantly until an emergency presentation.

Findings:

  • The 'vanishing' cyst was later confirmed to be a small bowel duplication cyst.
  • Expectant management of the duplication cyst led to an emergency presentation.
  • The case underscores diagnostic challenges in infantile cystic abdominal lesions.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the difficulties in managing cystic abdominal structures in infancy.
  • It emphasizes the potential adverse outcomes associated with expectant management of suspected duplication cysts.
  • The study prompts discussion on the optimal diagnostic approach, including cross-sectional imaging versus diagnostic laparoscopy, for suspected duplication cysts.