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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

19
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
47
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

23
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

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Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
13
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

23
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Children
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Severity and Cardiac Involvement in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Maninder Dhaliwal1, Veena Raghunathan2, Prabhat Maheshwari3

  • 1Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Medanta - The Medicity, Sector 38, Gurugram, Haryana, 122001, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|August 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious condition following SARS-CoV-2 infection. High NT-proBNP and low platelet counts are key indicators of severe MIS-C in children.

Keywords:
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in childrenPediatricSARS-CoV-2 infection

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a post-infectious complication of SARS-CoV-2.
  • Understanding MIS-C's clinical spectrum and risk factors is crucial for early diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical features, severity, laboratory findings, and outcomes of MIS-C patients.
  • To identify risk factors associated with severe MIS-C and cardiac involvement.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study across 6 tertiary care centers in Haryana.
  • Inclusion of 48 pediatric patients diagnosed with MIS-C.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation, laboratory results, disease severity, and patient outcomes, including cardiac abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Fever, gastrointestinal, and mucocutaneous symptoms were prevalent in MIS-C patients.
  • Severe disease (47.9%) and cardiac abnormalities (54.2%) were common.
  • Elevated NT-proBNP and thrombocytopenia were significant risk factors for severe MIS-C.

Conclusions:

  • MIS-C should be considered in febrile children, even without a clear SARS-CoV-2 exposure history.
  • High NT-proBNP levels and thrombocytopenia are critical indicators for predicting severe MIS-C.
  • Most children recovered, but mortality occurred, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring.