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Plasma fatty acid composition in patients with ileal dysfunction.

M A Färkkilä, R S Tilvis, T A Miettinen

    Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Chemical signs of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFD) are common in patients with fat malabsorption after ileal resection, even with good nutritional status. Increased dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids are recommended for prevention.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Clinical Nutrition
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Ileal resection can lead to fat malabsorption and potential nutrient deficiencies.
    • Essential fatty acid deficiency (EFD) is a concern in patients with gastrointestinal disorders.
    • Assessing serum lipid fatty acid profiles can indicate EFD.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence of chemical signs of EFD in patients with a history of ileal resection and fat malabsorption.
    • To correlate fatty acid patterns with the degree of fat malabsorption and clinical presentation.

    Main Methods:

    • Serum lipid fatty acid composition was analyzed in 31 patients post-ileal resection.
    • Patients were grouped based on the presence or absence of significant fat malabsorption (steatorrhea).

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  • Fatty acid levels, including linoleic acid (LA), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, and eicosatrienoic acid (ETA), were quantified.

    • Main Results:

    • Patients with fat malabsorption exhibited lower levels of LA and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and higher levels of ETA, a marker for EFD.
    • Specific fatty acid alterations in cholesterol esters and phospholipids correlated with fecal fat excretion.
    • Approximately one-third of patients with fat malabsorption showed chemical signs of EFD, though clinical symptoms were absent.

    Conclusions:

    • Chemical indicators of EFD are prevalent in patients with fat malabsorption following gut resection, irrespective of nutritional status.
    • These findings underscore the importance of monitoring fatty acid profiles in post-surgical patients.
    • Increased dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids is advised for patients experiencing fat malabsorption after gut resection to prevent EFD.