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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.7K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
1.5K
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
39.7K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.9K
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

4.5K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Characterizing Histone Post-translational Modification Alterations in Yeast Neurodegenerative Proteinopathy Models
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Characterizing Histone Post-translational Modification Alterations in Yeast Neurodegenerative Proteinopathy Models

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Histone Modifications in Neurological Disorders.

Bradley J Smith1, Victor Corasolla Carregari2

  • 1Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil. a22brad22@gmail.com.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|August 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) impact protein function. This review details histone PTMs in neurological disorders, offering insights into disease causes, biomarkers, and therapeutics.

Keywords:
HistonesNeurodevelopmental disordersPost-translational modificationsPsychiatric disorders

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Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
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Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) significantly alter protein functions and properties.
  • Dysregulation of PTMs is linked to various diseases.
  • Histones, key components of chromatin, are targets of over 30 known PTMs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review histone targets of PTMs within the context of neurological disorders.
  • To highlight the biological roles of histone PTMs and their dysregulations in brain diseases.
  • To explore the potential of understanding these dysregulations for biomarker and therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and compilation of existing research.
  • Analysis of histone PTMs in relation to neurological disorder pathologies.
  • Synthesis of information on biological roles and implicated dysregulations.

Main Results:

  • Histone PTMs play critical roles in chromatin state, gene expression, and DNA repair.
  • Specific histone PTM dysregulations are implicated in various classes of brain diseases.
  • The study compiles a comprehensive overview of these histone targets and their disease associations.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding histone PTM dysregulation in neurological disorders is crucial for elucidating disease mechanisms.
  • This knowledge can pave the way for novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.
  • Further research into histone PTMs offers significant potential for advancing neurological disorder treatment.