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Social class differences in mental retardation and subnormality.

P Rantakallio

    Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Social class and region impact intellectual disability risk. Severe intellectual disability (IQ < 50) was higher in farming families and less developed areas, linked to older mothers and paternal unemployment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Child development
    • Public health
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Socioeconomic factors and geographic location are potential determinants of intellectual disability.
    • Previous research suggests a correlation between social class and developmental outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between social class, regional differences, and the incidence of intellectual disability.
    • To identify specific socioeconomic factors associated with varying degrees of intellectual disability.

    Main Methods:

    • A birth cohort of 12,000 children was followed up to age 14.
    • Data collected included IQ scores, social class, regional development, and parental socioeconomic indicators.

    Main Results:

    • Severe intellectual disability (IQ < 50) showed higher incidence in farming families and less developed areas, associated with older mothers and paternal unemployment.
    • Mild intellectual disability (IQ 50-70) was more prevalent in social classes other than I + II.
    • Mental subnormality (IQ 71-85) was higher in social classes III and IV, with increased prevalence of adverse parental conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Social class and region are significant factors influencing intellectual disability risk.
    • Adverse socioeconomic conditions, including parental unemployment and instability, are linked to higher rates of intellectual disability.
    • Targeted interventions in disadvantaged social classes and regions may help mitigate intellectual disability incidence.

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