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Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion
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The complement system and complement-like factors in sea cucumber.

Ke Xiao1, Siyuan Zhang1, Chenghua Li2

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.

Developmental and Comparative Immunology
|August 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This review explores sea cucumber complement systems, detailing key factors like Component 3 (C3) and Mannan-binding lectin (MBL). Understanding these innate immunity components aids marine invertebrate disease control and aquaculture.

Keywords:
Complement systemComplement-like factorsImmunityPathwaysSea cucumber

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Immunology
  • Invertebrate zoology

Background:

  • The complement system is crucial for innate immunity in vertebrates, aiding pathogen clearance.
  • Knowledge of complement systems in invertebrates, particularly sea cucumbers, remains limited.
  • Sea cucumbers possess complement-like factors involved in immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review complement-like factors in sea cucumbers, including Component 3 (C3), Complement factor B (Bf), Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), and globular Complement component 1q Receptor (gC1qR).
  • To compare sea cucumber complement components with those of other marine invertebrates.
  • To elucidate the evolutionary aspects of the sea cucumber complement system.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on sea cucumber and marine invertebrate complement systems.
  • Comparative analysis of identified complement factors across different species.
  • Examination of evolutionary patterns within the sea cucumber complement system.

Main Results:

  • Identified key complement-like factors (C3, Bf, MBL, gC1qR) in sea cucumber immune systems.
  • Highlighted similarities and differences in complement components among marine invertebrates.
  • Provided insights into the evolutionary trajectory of the sea cucumber complement system.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a foundational understanding of the sea cucumber complement system.
  • Findings offer a theoretical basis for developing disease control strategies for sea cucumbers.
  • This research contributes novel insights into marine invertebrate immunity and benefits the aquaculture industry.