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Does heart rate variability predict better executive functioning? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Valentin Magnon1, Guillaume T Vallet1, Amanda Benson2

  • 1University Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|August 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vagal activity, measured by heart rate variability (HRV), shows a small positive link with executive functions. This association is stronger for cognitive inhibition and flexibility than working memory.

Keywords:
Autonomic nervous systemCognitionEmbodied brainPsychophysiologyVagal tone

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Area of Science:

  • Psychoneurophysiology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Emerging research highlights bidirectional heart-brain interactions.
  • Vagal activity is increasingly linked to cognitive processes, particularly executive functioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the association between vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV) and executive functioning.
  • To clarify the relationship using quantitative synthesis of existing correlational studies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 correlational studies.
  • Random-effects models were used for quantitative synthesis.
  • Meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore moderators.

Main Results:

  • A small positive association was found between vagally-mediated HRV and executive functioning (r = .19, p < .0001).
  • Vagally-mediated HRV predicted cognitive inhibition and flexibility better than working memory.
  • The relationship was moderated by HRV measurement method and participant age.

Conclusions:

  • Vagally-mediated HRV is associated with executive functioning, particularly inhibition and flexibility.
  • Methodological considerations and specific HRV measures influence the observed relationship.
  • Further research is needed to address identified methodological issues and refine understanding.