Selenium recovery from wastewater by the green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus sp

Selenium (Se) is an important element for many living organisms and its supplementation may be needed in food, feed, and soil to make up for its deficiency. At the same time, high selenium concentrations can harm the environment, thus its management in sewage and the study of its removal from waste streams are important. Microalgae-based systems may be used for wastewater treatment and nutrients recovery, while producing biomass for bioproducts or bioenergy. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus sp. grown in urban wastewater with different selenium concentrations (50-1000 μg Se/L) were evaluated for their resistance and selenium removal/recovery efficiency. Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus sp. were able to remove up to 43 and 52 % of Se from wastewater, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris accumulated up to 323 mgSe/kg DW (in urban wastewater with 1000 μg Se/L). The Se-rich biomass produced may be applied to the supplementation of animal feed or used for biofortification of crops.