Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

CD147 promotes IKK/IκB/NF-κB pathway to resist TNF-induced apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts.

Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)·2015

Same author

Total glucosides of paeony can reduce the hepatotoxicity caused by Methotrexate and Leflunomide combination treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis.

International immunopharmacology·2015

Same author

Concomitant high expression of BRAFV600E, P-cadherin and cadherin 6 is associated with High TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Clinical endocrinology·2015

Same author

Efficacy and safety of weekly leflunomide for the treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, multi-center study.

International journal of rheumatic diseases·2015

Same author

Fabrication of interpenetrating polymer network chitosan/gelatin porous materials and study on dye adsorption properties.

Carbohydrate polymers·2015

Same author

Molecular characteristics and evolutionary analysis of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus.

Science China. Life sciences·2015

Same journal

Decoding gut microbiome alterations in celiac disease: Implications for pathogenesis and treatment.

Autoimmunity reviews·2026

Same journal

Rethinking immunosuppression in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The lcSSc conundrum; pros and cons for a timely immunosuppressive treatment.

Autoimmunity reviews·2026

Same journal

Kidney failure in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis: A systematic review of outcomes.

Autoimmunity reviews·2026

Same journal

The role of antimicrobial peptides in rheumatoid arthritis: From mucosal predisposition to chronic synovitis.

Autoimmunity reviews·2026

Same journal

The role of short-chain fatty acids as key mediators of gut microbiota - host crosstalk in thyroid diseases.

Autoimmunity reviews·2026

Same journal

Intermittent hydrarthrosis (periodic synoviosis): A narrative review.

Autoimmunity reviews·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Published on: October 14, 2021

T cell abnormalities in systemic sclerosis.

Wei Jin¹, Yan Zheng², Ping Zhu²

¹Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.

Autoimmunity Reviews

|August 28, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

T cell abnormalities are central to systemic sclerosis (SSc) pathogenesis, driving inflammation and fibrosis. Targeting these T cells offers promising new therapeutic strategies for SSc patients.

Keywords:

Systemic sclerosis T cell subset T cells

More Related Videos

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Isolation of Double Negative αβ T Cells from the Kidney

Isolation of Double Negative αβ T Cells from the Kidney

Published on: May 16, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Published on: October 14, 2021

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Isolation of Double Negative αβ T Cells from the Kidney

Isolation of Double Negative αβ T Cells from the Kidney

Published on: May 16, 2014

Area of Science:

Immunology
Rheumatology
Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe autoimmune disease with poorly understood pathogenesis.
Key pathological features include microvascular damage, inflammation, and immune dysfunction.
T cells, particularly CD4+ subtypes, are implicated in SSc via cytokine release and fibroblast interaction.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the critical role of T cell subsets in SSc pathogenesis.
To explore the Th17/Treg imbalance in SSc.
To discuss current and potential T cell-targeted therapies for SSc.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on T cell subsets in SSc.
Analysis of mechanisms by which T cells contribute to SSc pathology.
Examination of therapeutic interventions targeting T cells.

Main Results:

Multiple CD4+ T cell subtypes (Tfh, Treg, Th17, CTLs, Tang) are implicated in SSc.
A significant Th17/Treg imbalance exists in SSc, contributing to immune dysregulation.
Current treatments targeting T cells show some efficacy, with MSCs also demonstrating immunomodulatory effects.

Conclusions:

T cell abnormalities are crucial to the pathogenesis of SSc.
Understanding T cell roles can lead to more targeted SSc treatments.
Further research into T cell mechanisms may unlock novel therapeutic avenues for SSc.