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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
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Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

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Multiple Sclerosis and related disorders.

R John Kimoff1, Marta Kaminska1, Daria Trojan2

  • 1Respiratory Division and Sleep Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|August 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can cause breathing problems, particularly obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH). Treating OSAH may improve MS symptoms like fatigue and potentially impact the disease process.

Keywords:
Central sleep apneaControl of breathingHypoventilationMultiple SclerosisNeuromyelitis Optica Spectrum disordersObstructive sleep apneaObstructive sleep hypopneaRespiratory failureSleep-disordered breathing

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease with significant clinical consequences.
  • MS can affect neural pathways controlling breathing, leading to ventilatory disturbances.
  • Sleep disorders are common sequelae in MS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of MS disease mechanisms, clinical sequelae, and sleep disorders.
  • To focus on obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH) in ambulatory MS patients.
  • To review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, consequences, and treatment effects of OSAH in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of MS disease mechanisms and clinical sequelae, including sleep disorders.
  • Focus on obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH) prevalence, diagnosis, and consequences in MS.
  • Discussion of pathophysiologic mechanisms and the bidirectional relationship between OSAH and MS.

Main Results:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH) is the most prevalent respiratory abnormality in ambulatory MS patients.
  • OSAH treatment may impact MS-related fatigue and other clinical sequelae.
  • A bidirectional relationship exists between OSAH and the MS disease process.

Conclusions:

  • OSAH is a significant concern in Multiple Sclerosis patients, impacting quality of life.
  • Understanding the interplay between OSAH and MS is crucial for comprehensive patient management.
  • Further research into respiratory muscle weakness, hypoventilation, and related disorders in MS and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders is warranted.