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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
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Neuropathologic validation of the Alzheimer's Questionnaire.

Ida Mohebpour1, Michael Malek-Ahmadi2,3, Thomas Virden1

  • 1Midwestern University College of Health Sciences, Glendale, AZ, USA.

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
|August 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Alzheimer's Questionnaire (AQ) accurately screens for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study validates the AQ against brain pathology, confirming its reliability for diagnosing cognitive impairment.

Keywords:
Amyloid plaqueDementiaInformant-based assessmentNeurofibrillary tangleNeuropathology

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are significant causes of cognitive decline.
  • Informant-based screening tools like the Alzheimer's Questionnaire (AQ) aid in early detection.
  • Validation of screening tools against neuropathological hallmarks is crucial for diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the diagnostic accuracy of the Alzheimer's Questionnaire (AQ) by correlating its scores with neuropathological findings of neuritic plaque (NP) and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) in post-mortem brain tissue.
  • To assess the correlation of AQ scores with other cognitive assessment tools, namely the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 205 autopsy cases, clinically classified as AD (n=90), aMCI (n=42), or cognitively unimpaired (CU, n=73).
  • Employed semi-quantitative measures to assess NP and NFT pathology.
  • Correlated AQ scores with NP and NFT loads, as well as with MMSE and CDR-SOB scores.

Main Results:

  • The AQ demonstrated significant correlations with both NP load (r=0.37, p<0.001) and NFT load (r=0.57, p<0.001).
  • The MMSE and CDR-SOB showed comparable correlations with NP and NFT pathology (NP: r=-0.37 and r=0.35; NFT: r=-0.58 and r=0.55, respectively).
  • These findings indicate that the AQ's performance aligns with established cognitive assessment tools in relation to underlying AD pathology.

Conclusions:

  • The Alzheimer's Questionnaire (AQ) shows a strong correlation with neuritic plaque and neurofibrillary tangle pathology characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.
  • These results provide strong evidence supporting the use of the AQ as a reliable screening tool for AD-related cognitive impairment.
  • Clinicians can be more confident in utilizing the AQ for screening patients with suspected cognitive decline due to AD.