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Cytokinins regulate rice lamina joint development and leaf angle.

Peng Huang1,2, Jiangzhe Zhao1,2, Jiale Hong2

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|August 29, 2022
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Altering cytokinin levels in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using OsCKX3 impacts leaf angle by affecting lamina joint development. Disrupting OsCKX3 reduces leaf angle and improves agronomic traits, offering a new avenue for crop improvement.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Agronomy
  • Molecular Genetics

Background:

  • Leaf angle is a key agronomic trait influencing plant architecture, photosynthesis, and yield.
  • Cytokinins (CKs) are plant hormones known to affect plant architecture, but their specific role in rice leaf angle regulation was unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Cytokinins (CKs) and the OsCKX3 gene in regulating rice leaf angle.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms by which OsCKX3 influences lamina joint development and leaf inclination.

Main Methods:

  • Phenotypic analysis of osckx3 mutants and OsCKX3 overexpression lines.
  • Histological examination of lamina joint cellular and vascular bundle proliferation.
  • Gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) and protein localization studies (OsCKX3-GFP).
  • Enzyme assays to determine OsCKX3 substrate specificity and CK quantification.

Main Results:

  • OsCKX3 disruption led to smaller leaf angles, while overexpression resulted in larger angles, linked to asymmetric cell and vascular bundle proliferation in the lamina joint.
  • OsCKX3 is highly expressed in the lamina joint and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, preferring trans-zeatin (tZ) and isopentenyladenine (iP) as substrates.
  • Disrupting OsCKX3 increased tZ and iP levels, reduced leaf angle, and enhanced primary branch number, grain size, 1,000-grain weight, and flag leaf size in field trials.

Conclusions:

  • OsCKX3-mediated CK accumulation in the lamina joint negatively regulates rice leaf angle.
  • Engineering the CK pathway by manipulating OsCKX3 offers a strategy to reduce leaf angle and improve yield in rice and potentially other cereals.