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Vascular Aging and COVID-19.

Ignas Badaras1, Agnė Laučytė-Cibulskienė2,3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, 54694Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.

Angiology
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Summary

Vascular aging, characterized by arterial wall changes, predicts mortality. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shares pathways with vascular aging, necessitating research into its long-term vascular health effects.

Keywords:
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2coronavirus disease 2019endothelial senescencepulse wave velocityvascular aging

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Vascular Biology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Vascular age, assessed by pulse wave velocity, predicts mortality and reflects arterial wall health.
  • Cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction are key mechanisms in vascular aging.
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) impacts the vascular endothelium via direct and indirect mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the shared pathways between vascular aging and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • To highlight the need for research on the long-term vascular health consequences of COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on vascular aging mechanisms.
  • Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 interaction with endothelial cells, including ACE-2 receptor involvement.
  • Comparison of cellular and molecular pathways implicated in both vascular aging and COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • Vascular aging involves endothelial dysfunction, increased stiffness, and calcification.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to endothelial damage through hyperinflammation and ACE-2 receptor disruption.
  • Shared pathways include oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 and vascular aging share common pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Understanding these shared pathways is crucial for assessing long-term vascular health after COVID-19 infection.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the long-term vascular sequelae of SARS-CoV-2.