Allosteric Regulation of IGF2BP1 as a Novel Strategy for the Activation of Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) regulators are promising cancer immunotherapeutic targets. IGF2BP1, as a crucial N ⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) reader protein, recognizes m⁶A target transcripts, ultimately leading to cancer development. However, currently, the biological function of IGF2BP1 in regulating the TIME is not well-understood. In this study, we report that IGF2BP1 knockdown induces cancer cell apoptosis, thereby significantly not only activating immune cell infiltration including CD4⁺, CD8⁺ T cells, CD56⁺ NK cells, and F4/80⁺ macrophage but also decreasing PD-L1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Then, chemical genetics identifies a small-molecule cucurbitacin B (CuB), which directly targets IGF2BP1 at a unique site (Cys253) in the KH1-2 domains. This leads to a pharmacological allosteric effect to block IGF2BP1 recognition of m⁶A mRNA targets such as c-MYC, which is highly associated with cell apoptosis and immune response. In vivo, CuB exhibits an obvious anti-HCC effect through inducing apoptosis and subsequently recruits immune cells to tumor microenvironment as well as blocking PD-L1 expression. Collectively, IGF2BP1 may serve as a novel pharmacological allosteric target for anticancer therapeutics via mediating TIME.