Numerical Approach toward Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Using Variable Diffusion and Non-Fourier's Concept

In the current study, the pseudoplastic model is used to analyze the mass and energy transmission through trihybrid nanofluid flow across a stretched permeable surface. The Darcy-Forchheimer relation is employed in the momentum equation to examine the influence of porosity. Energy and mass diffusion expressions are obtained by employing the double diffusion theories, which were proposed by Cattaneo and Christov and is broadly used by several researchers. The thermal efficiency of the trihybrid nanocrystals is evaluated by integrating them with a pseudoplastic substrate. The study of titanium dioxide (TiO₂), cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄), and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanocomposite base hybrid nanofluids across a stretchable sheet is receiving considerable interest in innovation and research due to their extensive spectrum of applicability. For this reason, the phenomena are modeled in the form of a system of PDEs with the effects of a heat source, magnetic field, natural convection, and chemical reaction. Through resemblance substitutions, these are reduced to an ODE system. The resultant first-order differential equations are further processed using the computational approach PCM. For authenticity and reliability, the values are reviewed against the existing literature. The findings are displayed through figures. When compared to the simple nanofluid, the hybrid and trihybrid nanofluid have a greater tendency for fluid energy and velocity propagation rate. The velocity and heat transition rate enhance 11.73% by varying nanoparticles' values from 0.01 to 0.04, while the thermal conductivity of base fluid boosts with the addition of hybrid and trihybrid nanocomposites, up to 32% and 61%, respectively.