Numerical Approach toward Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Using Variable Diffusion and Non-Fourier's Concept

Area of Science:

• Fluid Dynamics
• Nanotechnology
• Heat Transfer

Background:

• Nanofluids offer enhanced thermal properties, driving research into hybrid and trihybrid systems.
• Pseudoplastic fluid models and Darcy-Forchheimer relations are crucial for analyzing complex fluid flows.
• Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion theory provides a robust framework for mass and energy transport analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze mass and energy transmission in trihybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable surface using a pseudoplastic model.
• To investigate the impact of porosity, heat sources, magnetic fields, natural convection, and chemical reactions.
• To evaluate the thermal efficiency of trihybrid nanocomposites integrated with a pseudoplastic substrate.

Main Methods:

• Modeling the phenomena as a system of partial differential equations (PDEs).
• Reducing PDEs to an ordinary differential equation (ODE) system via similarity substitutions.
• Solving the ODE system using the computational Path Counting Method (PCM).

Main Results:

• Trihybrid nanofluids exhibit superior fluid energy and velocity propagation rates over simple nanofluids.
• Velocity and heat transfer rates increase by 11.73% with nanoparticle concentration changes (0.01 to 0.04).
• Thermal conductivity of the base fluid is enhanced by up to 32% (hybrid) and 61% (trihybrid) with nanocomposite addition.

Conclusions:

• Trihybrid nanofluids demonstrate significant potential for improving heat and mass transfer efficiency.
• The study validates findings against existing literature, confirming the model's reliability.
• The integration of specific nanocomposites (TiO2, CoFe2O4, MgO) offers substantial thermal conductivity enhancement.