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Risk Factors of Readmission in COVID-19 Patients; a Retrospective 6-Month Cohort Study
Mohammad Haji Aghajani1,2,3, Reza Miri1,2,3, Mohammad Sistanizad1,4
1Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Insights
COVID-19 patient readmission rates are significant, with 8.6% of patients readmitted. Older age and higher mean arterial pressure during initial admission are key predictors for readmission, highlighting the need for targeted post-discharge care.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Limited literature exists on the readmission rates of patients previously diagnosed with COVID-19.
- Understanding readmission factors is crucial for improving post-discharge care and resource allocation.
- Early discharge, potentially due to hospital capacity, may influence readmission trends.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the readmission rate among COVID-19 patients post-discharge.
- To identify clinical symptoms and laboratory findings associated with COVID-19 patient readmissions.
- To assess demographic and clinical characteristics influencing readmission risk.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 614 COVID-19 patients discharged from Imam Hossein hospital, Tehran, Iran.
- Patient readmission status was tracked for six months via phone calls and hospital records.
- Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between patient characteristics and readmission.
Main Results:
- The overall readmission rate was 8.6% (53 patients), with 7.6% readmitted within 30 days.
- Primary readmission causes included COVID-19 symptom relapse and pulmonary complications (6.5%), and cardiovascular issues (1.3%).
- Older age (OR=1.04) and elevated mean arterial pressure during initial admission (OR=1.04) were significant predictors of readmission.
Conclusions:
- Readmission is a notable concern for COVID-19 survivors.
- Older patients and those with hypertension require heightened attention during discharge planning.
- Proactive management strategies focusing on at-risk individuals can potentially mitigate readmission rates.
Introduction:
The available literature regarding the rate of readmission of COVID-19 patients after discharge is rather scarce. Thus, the aim in the current study was to evaluate the readmission rate of COVID-19 patients and the components affecting it, including clinical symptoms and relevant laboratory findings.
Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, COVID-19 patients who were discharged from Imam Hossein hospital, Tehran, Iran, were followed for six months. Data regarding their readmission status were collected through phone calls with COVID-19 patients or their relatives, as well as hospital registry systems. Eventually, the relationship between demographic and clinical characteristics and readmission rate was assessed.
Results:
614 patients were entered to the present study (mean age 58.7±27.2 years; 51.5% male). 53 patients were readmitted (8.6%), of which 47 patients (7.6%) had a readmission during the first 30 days after discharge. The reasons for readmission were relapse of COVID-19 symptoms and its pulmonary complications in 40 patients (6.5%), COVID-19 related cardiovascular complications in eight patients (1.3%), and non-COVID-19 related causes in five patients (0.8%). Older age (OR=1.04; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06; p=0.002) and increased mean arterial pressure during the first admission (OR=1.04; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.08; p=0.022) were found to be independent prognostic factors for the readmission of COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion:
Readmission is relatively frequent in COVID-19 patients. Lack of adequate hospital space may be the reason behind the early discharge of COVID-19 patients. Hence, to reduce readmission rate, extra care should be directed towards the discharge of older or hypertensive patients.
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