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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Mouse Wound Models and Preparation of Single-Cell Suspensions
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Stem cell-derived exosomal transcriptomes for wound healing.

Guiling Chen1,2,3,4, Hankun Chen5, Xiang Zeng1,2,3,4

  • 1The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Surgery
|August 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell-derived exosomal transcriptomes, including long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs, are key regulators in wound healing. This review explores their role in inflammation, angiogenesis, and scar formation during tissue repair.

Keywords:
circular RNAexosomelong noncoding RNAmessenger RNAmicroRNAstem cellwound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Sciences
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Wound healing is a complex biological process involving intricate interactions within injured tissues.
  • Stem cell therapy shows promise for wound repair, with exosomal transcriptomes emerging as crucial regulatory factors.
  • Exosomal transcriptomes encompass various RNA molecules, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the fundamental aspects of the wound repair process.
  • To provide an overview of exosomal transcriptomes and their composition.
  • To summarize the current understanding of exosomal transcriptomes' involvement in physiological and pathological wound healing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on wound healing and exosomal transcriptomes.
  • Analysis of the roles of lncRNAs, miRNAs, circRNAs, and mRNAs within exosomes.
  • Examination of exosomal transcriptome involvement in key wound healing phases: inflammation, angiogenesis, and scar formation.

Main Results:

  • Exosomal transcriptomes act as critical mediators in the complex wound healing cascade.
  • Specific RNA species within exosomes differentially regulate inflammation, blood vessel formation (angiogenesis), and scar tissue development.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers potential therapeutic targets for improving wound repair outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell-derived exosomal transcriptomes are significant regulators of wound healing.
  • Targeting exosomal RNA content presents a promising strategy for enhancing regenerative processes and managing pathological scarring.
  • Further research into the precise functions of individual exosomal RNAs can optimize therapeutic interventions for diverse wound types.