Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
06:01

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

15.0K

Thromboembolic complications in children with COVID-19 and MIS-C: A narrative review

Sandra Trapani1,2, Chiara Rubino2, Donatella Lasagni2

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, Meyer Children's University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|August 29, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Children with COVID-19 or MIS-C face risks of hypercoagulability and thromboembolic events (TEs). This review highlights TEs in pediatric patients, emphasizing venous and arterial thrombosis, risk factors like obesity, and outcomes including mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Thrombosis
  • Infectious Disease Complications
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) are linked to increased hypercoagulability and thromboembolic events (TEs) in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding the incidence, clinical features, risk factors, and management of these TEs in children is crucial due to associated morbidity and mortality.
  • Current knowledge regarding COVID-19 and MIS-C-related TEs in children remains limited, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on COVID-19 and MIS-C-related thromboembolic events (TEs) in children.
  • To elucidate the incidence, clinical manifestations, risk factors, and outcomes of TEs in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection or MIS-C.
  • To provide a brief update on the pathophysiology of TEs in this context.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted, including sixty-two studies.
  • Data from 138 pediatric patients experiencing TEs associated with COVID-19 or MIS-C were analyzed.
  • The review focused on the types of TEs, predisposing conditions, and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • A total of 157 TEs were identified in 138 patients, with venous TEs (54%) being most common, followed by arterial thrombosis (38%, including arterial ischemic stroke) and intracardiac thrombosis (8%).
  • Predisposing conditions were present in 57% of cases, with obesity being the most frequent (21%), particularly in pulmonary embolism cases.
  • Mortality was 12%, primarily in patients with arterial thrombosis, while approximately one-third of patients recovered, and 6% had persistent neurological sequelae.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatricians must recognize the potential for life-threatening thromboembolic events in children with COVID-19 or MIS-C, especially those with neurological or respiratory compromise.
  • Prompt intensive care is essential for managing these critical events to prevent severe sequelae and mortality.
  • The findings underscore the significant impact of TEs in pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C, highlighting the need for heightened clinical awareness and timely intervention.

Keywords:
COVID-19MIS-Cchildrenembolismstrokethrombosis

More Related Videos

In Vitro Thrombosis Test for Ventricular Assist Devices09:15

In Vitro Thrombosis Test for Ventricular Assist Devices

Published on: March 21, 2025

757
Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic09:03

Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic

Published on: November 7, 2020

4.9K

Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
13
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
1.2K
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
18
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
37
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
39
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
30