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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity Among Children With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Vivien Herczeg1, Andrea Luczay1, Nikolett Ténai1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Hungary.

Indian Pediatrics
|August 29, 2022
PubMed

Insights

During Hungary's third COVID-19 wave, more children were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Newly diagnosed T1DM children showed higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 rates, suggesting a potential link needing further study.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition affecting children.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to various health complications.
  • An increase in pediatric T1DM diagnoses was observed during the third COVID-19 wave in Hungary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in children.
  • To compare the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in newly diagnosed T1DM children versus those with established T1DM.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients diagnosed with T1DM during the third COVID-19 wave.
  • Testing for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in newly diagnosed and prevalent T1DM pediatric cohorts.
  • Statistical comparison of antibody positivity rates between the two groups.

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in new-onset T1DM cases was observed in children during the study period.
  • Newly diagnosed T1DM patients exhibited a significantly higher rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 positivity (OR 3.74, P=0.04).
  • Prevalent T1DM children had a lower rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 positivity.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus in children.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between COVID-19 and T1DM.
  • The findings highlight a potential public health concern regarding viral infections and pediatric diabetes incidence.

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