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Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is associated with maxillary form: a geometric morphometric analysis
Michael Nemec1, Linda Schwarz1, Michael H Bertl2
1Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Clinical Oral Investigations
|August 29, 2022
Summary
Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is linked to narrower alveolar ridges. This suggests genetic and environmental factors influence both tooth development and craniofacial growth, impacting treatment needs.
Area of Science:
- Dental Development
- Craniofacial Morphology
- Genetics and Epigenetics
Background:
- Agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisor affects up to 4% of individuals, necessitating multidisciplinary treatment.
- The developmental origins of this condition are not fully understood, with prior research suggesting genetic factors and craniofacial morphology associations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the association between maxillary morphology and lateral incisor agenesis.
- To differentiate the roles of developmental plasticity and genetic factors in tooth agenesis using a geometric morphometric approach.
Main Methods:
- Quantified the maxillary alveolar ridge using 19 landmarks on 101 CT scans.
- Compared alveolar ridge shape and size in patients with unilateral/bilateral agenesis, extracted incisors, and controls.
Main Results:
- Maxillary alveolar ridges were narrower in patients with agenesis or extracted incisors compared to controls.
- The ventral curvature of the alveolar ridge was more pronounced in bilateral agenesis cases than in unilateral agenesis or extracted incisor groups.
Conclusions:
- Pleiotropic genetic and epigenetic factors likely influence tooth development and cranial growth.
- Alveolar process size/shape may inhibit tooth bud development, leading to dental agenesis.
- Bilateral agenesis correlates with a greater need for bone augmentation before implant placement.
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